Endocrinology and Metabolism

Kwang Woo Lee (Lee KW)

52 Articles

A Case of Lymphocytic Infundibuloneurohypophysitis Along with Central Diabetes Insipidus, and this Improved with Conservative Care.: Ji Myoung Lee, Sang Mi Park, Byung Hee Hwang, Hyun Sook Choi, Seong Su Lee, Jee Young Kim, Sung Rae Kim, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Soon Jib Yoo; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(2):142-147. Published online April 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.2.142

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Abstract PDF: Idiopathic central diabetes insipidus is most likely to occur in young patients who have a clinical history of autoimmune disease. The presentation of clinical findings such as central diabetes insipidus and pituitary stalk thickening on sellar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a young women would strongly suggest lymphocytic hypophysitis, which is a rare inflammatory process involving the pituitary stalk and the pituitary gland, yet this disease can sometimes regress.

A Case of Graves' Disease Associated with Systemic Sclerosis.: Yune Jeong Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim, Dong Jun Lim, Ki Hoon Hur, Ki Hyun Baek, Moo Il Kang, Chul Soo Cho, Kwang Woo Lee, Gyeong Sin Park; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(3):220-224. Published online June 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.3.220

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Abstract PDF

Systemic sclerosis is associated with a broad spectrum of autoimmune thyroid diseases. The association between systemic scleroderma and hypothyroidism is well established. However, there have been very few reports concerning the association between hyperthyroidism and systemic scleroderma. We experienced a patient with Graves' disease who presented with muscle weakness and the patient was finally diagnosed with systemic sclerosis via pathological examination of the muscle. We describe here a rare case of systemic sclerosis associated with Graves` disease.

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Systemic Sclerosis Associated with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Case Report and Literature Review
Ho Jae Kim, Jung Joo Kim, Hee Jung Park, Yong Tai Kim
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2017; 92(3): 316. CrossRef

Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Cancer.: Won Bae Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Won Jin Moon, Jae Bok Lee, Young Sik Choi, Seok Ki Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Ki wook Chung, Jung Hwan Baek, Byung Il Kim, Do Joon Park, Dong Gyu Na, Jun Ho Choe, Jae Hoon Chung, Hye Seung Jung, Jeong Han Kim, Kee Hyun Nam, Hang Seok Chang, Woong Youn Chung, Soon Won Hong, Suck Joon Hong, Jeong Hyun Lee, Ka Hee Yi, Young Suk Jo, Ho Cheol Kang, Minho Shong, Jin Woo Park, Jong Ho Yoon, Seong Joon Kang, Kwang Woo Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(3):157-187. Published online June 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.3.157

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2023 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules
Young Joo Park, Eun Kyung Lee, Young Shin Song, Soo Hwan Kang, Bon Seok Koo, Sun Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Seung-Kuk Baek, So Won Oh, Min Kyoung Lee, Sang-Woo Lee, Young Ah Lee, Yong Sang Lee, Ji Ye Lee, Dong-Jun Lim, Leehi Joo, Yuh-Seog Jung, Chan Kwon Jung
International Journal of Thyroidology.2023; 16(1): 1. CrossRef
Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers in Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Developing Non-Invasive Diagnostic Models Through Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis
Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie, Mohammad Saeed Ahmadi, Amir Taherkhani
MicroRNA.2022; 11(1): 73. CrossRef
Clinical Implication of World Health Organization Classification in Patients with Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma in South Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Meihua Jin, Eun Sook Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Hee Kyung Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Min Ji Jeon, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Mijin Kim, Won Gu Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(3): 618. CrossRef
Establishment of Korean Thyroid Association-10 Years of Development in Internal Medicine
Jae Hoon Chung
International Journal of Thyroidology.2018; 11(1): 7. CrossRef
Ten Years of the Korean Thyroid Association: Achievement and Future
Young Joo Park, Young Shin Song, Ka Hee Yi
International Journal of Thyroidology.2018; 11(1): 1. CrossRef
Decreasing Disease-Specific Mortality of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Korea: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Eun Heui Kim, Eun Sook Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Tae Yong Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Young Kee Shong, Won Bae Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Won Gu Kim
Thyroid.2018; 28(9): 1121. CrossRef
Eighth edition of tumor-node-metastasis staging system improve survival predictability for papillary, but not follicular thyroid carcinoma: A multicenter cohort study
Mijin Kim, Hye In Kim, Min Ji Jeon, Hee Kyung Kim, Eun Heui Kim, Hyon-Seung Yi, Eun Sook Kim, Hosu Kim, Bo Hyun Kim, Tae Yong Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Ho-Cheol Kang, Won Bae Kim, Jae Hoon Chung, Young Kee Shong, Tae Hyuk Kim, Won Gu Kim
Oral Oncology.2018; 87: 97. CrossRef
Surgical Treatment Guidelines for Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The Korean Association of Thyroid and Endocrine Surgeons (KATES) Guidelines Taskforce
Jin-Woo Park, Ki-Wook Chung, Ji-Sup Yun, Hyungju Kwon, Hoon Yub Kim, Kee Hyun Nam, Kyoung Sik Park, Min Ho Park, Ja Sung Bae, Hyun Jo Youn, Kyu Eun Lee, Chi Young Lim, Jin Hyang Jung, Jun-Ho Choe, Lee Su Kim, Su Jung Lee, Jung Han Yoon
Korean Journal of Endocrine Surgery.2017; 17(1): 1. CrossRef
Ultrasound and clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinomas with BRAF and TERT promoter mutations
Soo Yeon Hahn, Tae Hyuk Kim, Chang Seok Ki, Sun Wook Kim, Soohyun Ahn, Jung Hee Shin, Jae Hoon Chung
Oncotarget.2017; 8(65): 108946. CrossRef
Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Practice in Korea
Yoon Jin Cha, Ju Yeon Pyo, SoonWon Hong, Jae Yeon Seok, Kyung-Ju Kim, Jee-Young Han, Jeong Mo Bae, Hyeong Ju Kwon, Yeejeong Kim, Kyueng-Whan Min, Soonae Oak, Sunhee Chang
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine.2017; 51(6): 521. CrossRef
Changes in standardized mortality rates from thyroid cancer in Korea between 1985 and 2015: Analysis of Korean national data
Yun Mi Choi, Won Gu Kim, Hyemi Kwon, Min Ji Jeon, Minkyu Han, Tae Yong Kim, Young Kee Shong, Sang Mo Hong, Eun‐Gyoung Hong, Won Bae Kim
Cancer.2017; 123(24): 4808. CrossRef
Surgical Treatment Guidelines for Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The Korean Association of Thyroid and Endocrine Surgeons (KATES) Guidelines Taskforce
Jin-Woo Park, Ki-Wook Chung, Ji-Sup Yun, Hyungju Kwon, Hoon Yub Kim, Kee Hyun Nam, Kyoung Sik Park, Min Ho Park, Ja Sung Bae, Hyun Jo Youn, Kyu Eun Lee, Chi Young Lim, Jin Hyang Jung, Jun-Ho Choe, Lee Su Kim, Su Jung Lee, Jung Han Yoon
Korean Journal of Endocrine Surgery.2017; 17(1): 1. CrossRef
Radiological Justification for and Optimization of Nuclear Medicine Practices in Korea
Byung Il Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(Suppl 1): S59. CrossRef
2016 Revised Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Cancer
Ka Hee Yi, Eun Kyung Lee, Ho-Cheol Kang, Yunwoo Koh, Sun Wook Kim, In Joo Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Kee-Hyun Nam, So Yeon Park, Jin Woo Park, Sang Kyun Bae, Seung-Kuk Baek, Jung Hwan Baek, Byung-Joo Lee, Ki-Wook Chung, Yuh-Seog Jung, Gi Jeong Cheon, Won Bae Kim,
International Journal of Thyroidology.2016; 9(2): 59. CrossRef
Sonographic Index for Extrathyroidal Extension of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Ye Won Lee, Tae Hwan Kim, Ho Joon Jang, Min Ju Park, Chang Ki Yeo
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2015; 58(9): 622. CrossRef
History of Korean Thyroid Association and Recent Debates on Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Cancer in Korea
Kwang Woo Lee
Journal of Korean Thyroid Association.2015; 8(1): 36. CrossRef
RAI Treatment of Distant Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer
Keon Wook Kang
Journal of Korean Thyroid Association.2013; 6(1): 49. CrossRef
Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules
Ka Hee Yi
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2011; 54(6): 629. CrossRef
Elevated risk of papillary thyroid cancer in Korean patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Kyung Won Kim, Young Joo Park, Eun Hye Kim, So Yeon Park, Do Joong Park, Soon‐Hyun Ahn, Do Joon Park, Hak C. Jang, Bo Youn Cho
Head & Neck.2011; 33(5): 691. CrossRef
Is Comprehensive Neck Dissection a Sole Choice for the Treatment of Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in the Lateral Neck?
Dongbin Ahn, Sun Jae Lee, Sun-Kyun Park, Jin Ho Sohn, June Sik Park
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2011; 54(1): 62. CrossRef
Revised Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Cancer
Ka Hee Yi, Young Joo Park, Sung-Soo Koong, Jung-Han Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Jin-Sook Ryu, So Yeon Park, In Ae Park, Chung-Hwan Baek, Young Kee Shong, Young Don Lee, Jaetae Lee, Jeong Hyun Lee, Jae Hoon Chung, Chan Kwon Jung, Seung-Ho Choi, Bo Youn Cho
Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.2011; 54(1): 8. CrossRef
Revised Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Thyroid Cancer
Ka Hee Yi, Young Joo Park, Sung-Soo Koong, Jung-Han Kim, Dong Gyu Na, Jin-Sook Ryu, So Yeon Park, In Ae Park, Chung-Hwan Baek, Young Kee Shong, Young Don Lee, Jaetae Lee, Jeong Hyun Lee, Jae Hoon Chung, Chan Kwon Jung, Seung-Ho Choi, Bo Youn Cho
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2010; 25(4): 270. CrossRef
Can Review of Sonographic Findings Spare Diagnostic Thyroidectomy in Patients with Thyroid Nodules Suspicious of Follicular Neoplasm Cytologically?
Han-Lim Choi, Dong-Ju Kim, Woo-Young Sun, Hyo-Young Yun, Lee-Chan Jang, Jae-Woon Choi, Sung-Young Lee, Ok-Jun Lee, Jin-Woo Park
Journal of the Korean Surgical Society.2010; 79(2): 86. CrossRef
Diagnostic Approaches to Patients with Thyroid Nodules
Ho-Cheol Kang
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2009; 52(4): 405. CrossRef
Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules Detected by Ultrasonography in Adults for Health Check-up and Analysis of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Jae Hoon Chung
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2008; 23(6): 391. CrossRef
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology and the Diagnostic Usefulness of Galectin-3 Immunostaining for the Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Chan-Kwon Jung, Jung-Ha Shin, Hyun-Seung Lee, Ahwon Lee, Eun-Sun Jung, Yeong-Jin Choi, Kyo-Young Lee
The Korean Journal of Cytopathology.2008; 19(2): 160. CrossRef
Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules Detected by Ultrasonography in Adults for Health Check-Ups and Analysis of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Won Jun Kim, Joo Hyong Kim, Dong Won Park, Chang Beom Lee, Yong Soo Park, Dong Sum Kim, Woong Hwan Choi, Tae Wha Kim, You Hern Ahn
Journal of Korean Endocrine Society.2008; 23(6): 413. CrossRef

The Effect of Oxidative Stress on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Derived Osteoblasts.: Eun Sook Oh, Ki Hyun Baek, Won Young Lee, Ki Won Oh, Hye Soo Kim, Je Ho Han, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Moo Il Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(3):222-232. Published online June 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.3.222

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BACKGROUND
The objectives of our study were to assess the effects of oxidative stress on the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of human bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC)-derived osteoblasts and to explore pathways by which osteoblast cell apoptosis was induced. METHODS: Mononuclear cells including BMSCs were cultured to osteoblastic lineage. Different doses of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were added to the culture media. The colony forming units-fibroblastic (CFU-Fs) were stained with crystal violet and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The MTT assay was done to see the effect of H2O2 on cell viability. The effect of H2O2 on osteocalcin gene expression was determined by RT-PCR. The matrix calcification measurement was performed. FACS analysis was performed to determine the osteoblasts apoptosis. Caspase-3, -8 and 9 activity assay and cytochrome c release were measured. RESULTS: The size and number of ALP (+) CFU-Fs were also decreased by H2O2 treatment. When compared with the control group, H2O2 significantly decreased the total number of cells of each culture well during MTT assay. H2O2 significantly diminished expression of osteocalcin mRNA. N-acetylcystein (NAC) blocked the diminution of cell viability and the inhibition of osteocalcin mRNA expression by H2O2. H2O2 reduced matrix calcification. FACS analysis revealed H2O2 increased percentage of apoptotic cells. Addition of H2O2 resulted in the increase of caspase-9 and -3 activity but not caspase-8, and release of cytochrome c to the cytosol. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that, in primary human BMSCs, oxidative stress inhibits proliferation of stromal cells and inhibits the differentiation to osteoblastic lineage. In addition, oxidative stress induces apoptosis of human BMSC-derived osteoblasts and this may be mediated by mitochondrial pathway of apoptotic signal.

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Antioxidaitve and Differentiation Effects of Artemisia capillaris T. Extract on Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Oxidative Damage of MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast Cells
Jee-Eun Seo, Eun-Sun Hwang, Gun-Hee Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2011; 40(11): 1532. CrossRef

A Case of Early Gastric Cancer Coincidentally Developed in a Patient with Acromegaly.: Kyun Woo Park, So Young Lee, Hye Suk Son, Yi Sun Jang, Hye Soo Kim, Jong Min Lee, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(2):165-169. Published online April 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.2.165

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Abstract PDF: Acromegaly is associated with an increased risk for a variety of cancers such as colon cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer. However, there have been few reports of gastric cancer developing in an acromegaly patient. A 66-year-old man suffered with diabetes mellitus and hypertension for 15 years, and he visited the endocrinology department due to dizziness. On physical examination, the biochemical studies and the sella MRI, he showed the typical features of acromegaly with pituitary microadenoma. During the cancer screening studies to find the cause of anemia, early gastric cancer was diagnosed by pathologic examination of the tissue biopsies. We described the summary of characteristics of the patient and reviewed literature.

A Case of Atypical McCune-Albright Syndrome Associated with Hyperthyroidism.: Yi Sun Jang, Seok Hui Kang, Woong Ryoung Jung, Woo Tae Kim, Hye Soo Kim, Jong Min Lee, Sung Dae Moon, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(2):158-164. Published online April 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.2.158

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Abstract PDF: McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a sporadic disease that's characterized by polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, cafe-au-lait pigmentation of the skin, and multiple endocrinopathies, including sexual precocity, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, and hypercortisolism. Recent evidence has shown that the clinical manifestations are caused by a postzygotic activating missense mutation in the gene coding for the alpha-subunit of Gs protein that stimulates c-AMP formation in the affected tissues. Substitution of the Arg(201) residue in Gsalpha with cysteine or histidine have been identified in many MAS patients and Arg(201) to Gly or Leu mutations have also been recently identified. We identified the Arg(201) to His mutation in the gene encoding Gsalpha in the thyroid tissue from a 36-year-old man who was suffering with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and hyperthyroidism.

The Changes in the Serum RANKL and OPG levels after Bone Marrow Transplantation: Association with Bone Mineral Metabolism.: Hyun Jung Tae, Ki Hyun Baek, Eun Sook Oh, Ki Won Oh, Won Young Lee, Hye Soo Kim, Je Ho Han, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Choon Choo Kim, Moo Il Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2005;20(1):40-51. Published online February 1, 2005; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2005.20.1.40

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The loss of bone mass is usually detected after bone marrow transplantation(BMT), particularly during the early post-transplant period. We recently reported that enhanced bone resorption following BMT was related to both the steroid dose and increase in IL-6. It was also suggested damage of the marrow microenvironment due to myeloablation and changes in bone growth factors contribute to post-BMT bone loss. Recently, the interactions of OPG and RANKL have been reported to be crucial in osteoclastogenesis and therefore in bone homeostasis. There are few data on the changes in RANKL/OPG status during the post-BMT period. This study investigated the changes in the levels of RANKL and OPG during the post-BMT period, and also assessed whether the changes in these cytokine levels actually influenced bone turnover and post-BMT bone loss. METHODS: We prospectively investigated 110 patients undergoing allogenic BMT and analyzed 36 (32.4+/-1.3 years, 17 men and 19 women) where DEXA was performed before and 1 year after the BMT. The serum bone turnover marker levels were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 12 wks, 6 Ms, and 1 yr after the BMT. The serum sRANKL and OPG levels were measured in all patients before and 1, 3 and 12 wks after the BMT. RESULTS: The mean bone losses in the lumbar spine and total proximal femur, which were calculated as the percent change from the baseline to 1 yr, were 5.2(P<0.01) and 11.6%(P<0.01), respectively. The mean serum ICTP, a bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 3 and 6 months after the BMT, but decreased gradually thereafter, reaching the basal values after 1 year. The serum osteocalcin levels decreased progressively until 3 wks after the BMT, then increased transiently at 3 and 6 Ms, but returned to the basal level by 1 yr. The serum sRANKL and OPG levels had increased significantly by weeks 1 and 3 compared with the baseline(P<0.01), but decreased at 3 months. The sRANKL/OPG ratio increased progressively until 3 weeks, but then decreased to the basal values. During the observation period, the percent changes from the baseline in the serum RANKL levels and RANKL/OPG ratio showed positive correlations with the percent changes from the baseline serum ICTP levels. Patients with higher RANKL levels and RANKL/OPG ratio during the early post-BMT period lost more bone mass at the lumbar spine. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, dynamic changes in the sRANKL and OPG levels were observed during the immediate post-BMT period, which were related to a decrease in bone formation and loss of L-spine BMD during the year following the BMT. Taken together, these results suggest that increased sRANKL levels and sRANKL/OPG ratios could be involved in a negative balance in bone metabolism following BMT.

A Case of Cerebral Infarction in Young Woman with Graves' Disease and Atrial Fibrillation.: Young Yong An, Yi Sun Jang, Hyung Doo Kim, Ji Young Park, Hong Gun Bin, Hye Soo Kim, Jong Min Lee, Suk Young Kim, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(5):528-534. Published online October 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: Thyrotoxicosis associated atrial fibrillation occurs in 9 to 22% of hyperthyroidism patients; its prevalence increases after the age 60 years. Atrial fibrillation is known to be major independent risk factor for a thromboembolic stroke. The characterization of patient subgroups with atrial fibrillation, with high or low rate risk factor of a stroke, would help clinicians decide the benefit or harm to patient of long term anticoagulation therapy. Thyrotoxicosis, old age, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, history of stroke and thromboembolism are all high risk factors for a stroke in atrial fibrillation patients. Thus, anticoagulation therapy is recommended for stroke prevention in those groups with atrial fibrillation and thyrotoxicosis. Herein is reported a case of acute cerebral infarction, with thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure, in a young woman

A Case of the Milk-alkali Syndrome During Management of Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism.: Yong Wan Park, Sung Rae Kim, Jung Min Lee, Seong Hun Kim, Sang Woo Han, Soon Jib Yoo, Kun Ho Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(4):439-445. Published online August 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is a relatively rare disease characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia: this is due to a deficiency or a sereretory disorder of the parathyroid hormone without any prior operation nor underlying medical disoder. Calcium carbonate and vitamin D substitution are generally considered as the mainstay of therapy, but these treatments can cause hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. Persistent ingestion of large amount of calcium carbonate can cause milk-alkali syndrome that is characterized by hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal failure. Once a patient is diagnosed with milk-alkali syndrome, withdrawal of calcium carbonate and vitamin D is essential and treatment with saline diuresis and furosemide is the usually effective. In treatmenf of hypoparathyroidism with calcium carbonate and vitamin D substitution, evaluation of serum calcium and urinary calcium excretion is essential to avoid hypercalcemia and ypercalciuria. We concluded that during treatment with calcium carbonate and vitamin D substitution for patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, they should have carefully laboratory monitoring, and they should be made aware of the circumstances influencing calcium metabolism

Primary Hyperaldosteronism with Increased Plasma Renin Activity due to Secondary Hypertensive Renal Impairment.: Kang Woo Lee, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Dong Il Shin, Chee Ho Noh, Jung Min Lee, Jong Min Lee, Kun Ho Yoon, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2003;18(4):433-438. Published online August 1, 2003

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Abstract PDF: An increased plasma aldosterone concentration, with suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA), is an abnormal finding in primary hyperaldosteronism. A suppressed PRA is caused by aldosterone- dependent sodium retention and extracellular volume expansion. A case of primary hyperaldosteronism, due to adenoma, with increased PRA, was observed. An adrenalectomy and intraoperative renal biopsy was performed. In our patient, histologically proven renal arteriosclerosis was the probable cause of the escape of the PRA from the suppression by an aldosterone-producing adenoma. Normal blood pressure was not attained after the adrenalectomy. However, the blood pressure was then controlled by small doses of antihypertensive drug before resection of the tumor. In this case, the patient was treated with spironolactone, but the blood pressure was not correctly controlled. After the adrenalectomy, the blood pressure was well controlled with smaller dose of calcium channel blockers. So, an early adrenalectomy may be beneficial as soon as the diagnosis of an aldosterone-producing adenoma is confirmed, even in patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis.

The Effects of Aging on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblasts from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.: Ki Hyun Baek, Hyun Jung Tae, Ki Won Oh, Won Young Lee, Chung Kee Cho, Soon Yong Kwon, Moo Il Kang, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Choon Choo Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2003;18(3):296-305. Published online June 1, 2003

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Osteoblasts originate from osteoprogenitor cells in bone marrow stroma, termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or bone marrow stromal cells. Each MSC forms colonies (colony forming units-fibroblasts [CFU-Fs]) when cultured ex vivo. There are some reports about the age-related changes of the number and osteogenic potential of osteoprogenitor cells, but any relationship has not been clearly established in humans. In this study, we counted MSCs using CFU-Fs count and examined the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells. Finally, we analyzed how these parameters varied with donor age. METHODS: Bone marrow was obtained from the iliac crest of young (n=6, 27.2+/-8.6 years old) and old (n=10, 57.4+/-6.7 years old) healthy donors. Mononuclear cells, including MSCs, were isolated and cultured in osteogenic medium. In primary culture, we compared the colony-forming efficiency of MSCs between the two groups and determined the matrix calcification. When primary culture showed near confluence, the cells were subcultured. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcinexpression by RT-PCR and proliferative potential by MTT assay were examined by the time course of secondary culture. RESULTS: At the 15th day of primary culture, the mean number of CFU-Fs was significantly higher in the younger donors (young: 148.3+/-28.9, old: 54.3+/-9.1, p=0.02) and the mean size of CFU-Fs was also larger in the younger donors than the older donors. However, matrix calcification was not different between the two groups (young: 103.6+/-50.6, old: 114.0+/-56.5, p=NS). In secondary culture, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lower in the older donors. The younger donors showed peak alkaline phosphatase activity at day 10, while the older donors didn't showed a remarkable peak (young: 935.5+/-115.0U/mg, old: 578.4+/-115.7U/mg, p<0.05). Total cell number as a proliferative index increased progressively during the secondary culture and a significantly greater cell number was noted in the younger donors. Osteocalcin expression was generally upregulated in the younger donors, but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the number of osteoprogenitor cells is decreased during aging and that the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells seem to be reduced during aging.

A Case of Acute Rhabdomyolysis as a first Manifestation of Primary Hypothyroidism.: Jung Min Lee, Hyun Shik Son, Hye Jung Lee, Sook Hee Hong, Jong Min Lee, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2003;18(1):79-84. Published online February 1, 2003

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Abstract PDF: Various symptoms, such as bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, constipation, myalgia, muscle weakness, delayed tendon reflex, and so forth, presented in hypothyroidism. Of these symptoms, muscle weakness, myalgia, and delayed tendon reflex are common features of hypothyroid myopathy. Acute rhabdomyolysis, a very severe form of myopathy, but is a rare manifestation of primary hypothyrodism. A 29-year-old man developed acute rhabdomyolysis, associated with primary hypothyroidism as a first manifestation. After thyroxine replacement therapy, he exhibited some improvement in muscle weakness and in non-pitting edema. We report a case of primary hypothyroidism presenting with spontaneous rhabdomyolysis as a first manifestation.

The Changes of Serum Growth Factors after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Impact on Bone Mineral Metabolism.: Ki Hyun Baek, Eun Sook Oh, Ki Won Oh, Won Young Lee, Hye Soo Kim, Soon Yong Kwon, Je Ho Han, Moo Il Kang, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Choon Choo Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2002;17(5):664-674. Published online October 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
A loss of bone mass is usually detected after a bone marrow transplantation (BMT), especially during the early post-transplant period. We recently reported that enhanced bone resorption following a BMT was related to both the steroid dose and the increase in IL-6. We also suggested damage to the marrow stromal microenvironment, by myoablation, partly explains the impaired bone formation following a BMT. It is well known that some growth factors play important role in bone growth and osteogenesis. However, the pathogenetic role of bone growth factors in post-BMT bone loss is unknown and data on the changes in the growth factors, in accordance with bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) changes are scarce. We investigated changes in bone growth factors such as IGF-I (Insulin-like growth factor-I), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), during the post-BMT period, and assessed whether the growth factor changes influenced the bone turnover and post-BMT bone loss. The present study is the first prospective study to describe the changes in bone growth factors following a BMT. METHODS: We prospectively investigated 110 patients undergoing a BMT, and analyzed 36 patients (32.4+/-1.3 years, 17 men and 19 women) whose BMDs were measured before, and 1 year after, the BMT. The serum biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured before, 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, 3 and 6 months, and 1 year, after the BMT. The serum FGF-2, IGF-I and M-CSF levels were measured before and 1 and 3 weeks, and 3 months after the BMT. The correlation between the changes of growth factors and various bone parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: The mean bone losses in the lumbar spine and total proximal femur, calculated as the percentage change from the baseline to the level at 1 year, were 5.2 (p<0.05) and 11.6% (p<0.01), respectively. The serum type I carboxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP), a bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 6 months after the BMT, but thereafter decreased, to the base value after 1 year. Serum osteocalcin, a bone formation marker, decreased progressively, until 3 weeks after the BMT but then increased transiently, and finally returned to the base level at 1 year. The serum IGF-I and FGF-2 also decreased progressively until 3 weeks and 1 week after the BMT, respectively, then increased to the base values at 3 months. The serum M-CSF increased briskly at 1 week post-BMT, then decreased to the base level. There were positive correlations between the percentage changes from the baseline proximal femur BMD and the IGF-I levels 3 weeks and 3 months (r=0.52, p<0.01, r=0.41, p<0.05) post BMT. A Significant correlation was found between the IGF-I and osteocalcin levels pre-BMT, and 3 weeks after the BMT. Another positive correlation was found between the M-CSF and the ICTP levels at 3 weeks post BMT (r=0.54, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there were significant changes in the serum IGF-I, FGF-2 and M-CSF levels in the immediate post-BMT period, which were related to a decrease in bone formation and loss in the proximal femoral BMD during the year following the BMT

A Case of Cured Diabetes Mellitus after Pheochromocytoma Removal.: Chang Kyun Hong, Yu Bae Ahn, Sul Hye Kim, Young Sik Woo, Seoung Goo Lee, Seung Hyun Ko, Ho Ki Song, Kun Ho Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Bong Yeon Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2001;16(4-5):502-507. Published online October 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Pheochromocytoma is usually associated with a combination of various clinical manifestations caused by the overproduction of catecholamines. It is frequently accompanied by impaired glucose tolerance operating through 2-and-adrenergic mechanisms. A 41-year-old-woman was admitted to the hospital because of poorly-controlled diabetes mellitus and hypertension. She had suffered intermittent paroxysmal attacks of headache and chest discomfort and had been treated intermittently over a 2 year period for diabetes mellitus and hypertension. At admission, the levels of serum epinephrine, norepinephrine urinary excretion of total metanephrine, and VMA were all abnormally elevated. Adrenal CT showed a well-defined, homogenous mass in the right adrenal region and the tumor was diagnosed as pheochromocytoma. After tumor resection, the increased blood level of catecholamines, the urinary excretion of total metanephrine, and VMA were normalized, as was the hyperglycemia state. Diabetes mellitus of the patient was considered permanently resolved after tumor removal by the result of glucose tolerance in 75g oral glucose tolerance test.

A Case of Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Adenoma Diagnosed by Fine-Needle Aspiration.: Hye Soo Kim, Eun Kyung Lee, Sung Ha Hwang, Myung Sook Kim, Eun Hee Lee, Jong Min Lee, Suk Young Kim, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2000;15(4-5):614-621. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Fine-needle aspiration can be successfully utilized in the preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid tissue. Fine-needle aspirate immunostaining for parathyroid hormone (PTH) or chromogranin and thyroglobulin (Tg) with measurement of PTH and Tg levels in the needle washings (FNAB-PTH and FNAB-Tg) can differentiate an enlarged parathyroid tissue from other cervical masses, such as thyroid nodules and lymph nodes. Parathyroid mass can be successfully aspirated by guidance of ultrasonography or computed tomography. Thyroid nodules are the most frequent cause of reduced accuracy of the imaging studies, such as ultrasonography, computer-assisted tomography and scintigraphy. We report on a case of unsuspected intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma coexisted with thyroid follicular adenoma presenting two thyroid nodules. After biochemical diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism, we could not localize the parathyroid lesion specifically with any imaging method. Through fine-needle aspiration of two thyroid nodules, we performed the immunostaining for chromogranin and thyroglobulin and the measurement of PTH and thyroglobulin levels in the aspirated materials. The results confirmed the right nodule to be thyroid lesion and the left nodule to be parathyroid lesion preoperatively.

The Effect of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Origin and the Osteoblastic Differentiation of the Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell.: Moo Il Kang, Seong Won Cho, Eun Sook Oh, Ki Hyun Baik, Won Young Lee, Ki Won Oh, Hye Soo Kim, Je Ho Han, Kun Ho Yoon, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Choon Choo Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2000;15(4-5):571-581. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with certain- hematological malignancies, many of whom will survive many years thereafter. Bone disease is a potential longterm complication. But, little is known about the effects of bone marrow transplantation on bone. METHODS: In this study, bone marrow was obtained from healthy donor and transplant recipients. Then mononuclear cells including marrow stromal cells were isolated and cultured. At near confluence, bone marrow stromal cells were subcultured. Thereafter alkaline phosphatase activities of each group were measured by time course of secondary culture. We also analysed the origin of marrow stromal cells by the polymerase chain reaction using YNZ 22 minisatellite probe. RESULTS: l. Cells cultured in our system showed the characteristics of marrow stromal cells differentiated to osteoblasts. They were in fibroblast-like spindle shape and positive to alkaline pbosphatase histochemistry and Von Kossa histochemistry in secondary cultures. 2. The time required for the near confluence in the primary culture was 15 days and 22.9 days on the average in healthy donors and transplant recipients, respectively (p=0.003). 3. In secondary cultures, healthy donors and transplant recipients showed peak alkaline phosphatase activity at 10 days and 17 days, respectively (p=0.031). Alkaline phosphatase activity was lower in BMT recipients than in healthy donors during the whole period of secondary cultures. 4. In polymerase chain reaction analysis using YNZ 22 minisatellite probe, bone marrow stromal cells were of recipient origin. CONCLUSION: Recipient-derived bone marrow stromal cells may be damaged secondary to the effect of chemotherapy, glucocorticoid & total body irradiation which have given before bone marrow transplantation. So it may affect the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells into the osteoblasts.

The Effect of Bone Marrow Transplantation on Bone Mineral Metabolism: 2 - Year Prospective Study.: Won Young Lee, Moo Il Kang, Eun Sook Oh, Ki Won Oh, Je Ho Han, Hyun Shik Son, Kun Ho Yoon, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Wan Sik Shin, Woo Sung Min, Choon Choo Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2000;15(4-5):561-570. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Loss of bone mass is usually detected after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), especially during the early post-transplant period. But little is known about the long-term effects of BMT on bone mineral metabolism. METHODS: We have investigated prospectively 12 patients undergoing BMT (4 autologous, 8 allogeneic) for hematologic diseases (8 leukemia, 3 SAA, 1 MDS). Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, gonadotropins, sex hormones and bone turnover markers (osteocalcin and ICTP) were measured. The samples were collected before BMT and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 12 weeks, 6 months and 1, 2 years thereafter. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) before BMT, 1 year and 2 year after BMT. In patients with amenorrbea, hormone replacement therapy was started from around 1 year after BMT RESULTS: 1. The mean bone loss in the lumbar spine, calculated as the percent change from the baseline to the level at 1 year and 2 year was 7.3% and 1.9%, respectively. The mean bone loss in the total proximal femur from the baseline to the level at 1 year and 2 year was 8.0% and 8.3% respectively. 2. The serum ICTP increased progressively until four weeks after BMT. Thereafter, it decreased gradually to reach basal values after one year and thereafter no more change until 2 year. Serum osteocalcin decreased progressively until three weeks after BMT. After that, it increased and reached basal values after 3 months. Osteocalcin increased at 6 month transiently but thereafter, it decreased to the level of slightly above basal value at 2 year. 3. Patients who were treated with TBI or pateints with GVHD had a tendency of lower BMD at l year and 2 year after BMT than those of patients without TBI or GVHD. 4. Eight out of nine women went into a menopausal state immediately after BMT and remained amenorrhea, evidenced by high gonadotropins and low estradiol levels. In contrast to women, gonadotropins and testosterone levels were not changed significantly in men after BMT. CONCLUSION: The rapid impairment of bone formation and the increase in bone resorption, as shown by the biochemical markers in this study, might play a role in bone loss after BMT. The efficacy of HRT for the correction of hypogonadism and bone loss was evidenced by 2 year BMD which was much more increased compared to 1 year BMD, especially in vertebra.

The Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome: Prognostic Value and Circulating Cytokines after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation.: Ki Won Oh, Moo Il Kang, Won Young Lee, Hyun Shik Son, Kun Ho Yoon, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Wan Sik Shin, Woo Sung Min, Choon Choo Kim, Byung Young Ahn, Hyung Sun Sohn; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2000;15(2):214-225. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Alteration of thyroid hormone parameters are frequently observed in sick patients and commonly known as nonthyroidal illness syndrome(NTIS) or euthyroid sick syndrome(ESS). NTIS is seen in starvation, surgery, severe illness, and also bone marrow transplantation(BMT). The degree of reduction in thyroid hormone parameters correlated with the severity of NTIS and might predict the prognosis of underlying illness. Recently, particular attention is focused on the role of cytokines in developing the NTIS. This prospective study was designed to assess the relationship of serum thyroid hormone parameters and serum cytokine levels before and in the short-term follow-up after allogeneic BMT in order to predict patients outcome. METHODS: Included 80 patients that were mainly leukemia and severe aplastic anemia. Serum thyroid hormone parameters and serum cytokine levels were measured before and 7, 14, 21, 28 days and 3, and 6 months after BMT. RESULTS: Near-all patients experienced significant decrease of thyroid hormone levels and also significant increase of cytokine levels after BMT. After post-BMT 3 weeks, the serum cytokine levels were negatively correlated with the serum T3 and T4 levels, but not with the serum TSH levels. The patients treated with high-dose steroid or total-body irradiation tended to show lower levels of TSH and more delayed recovery compared to non-treated patients. The patients died after BMT represented generally lower levels of all thyroid hormone parameters than survival patients during entire follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Development of NTIS is associated with higher probability of fatal outcome after BMT and has prognostic relationship in this group of patients. Increased levels of cytokines, especially IL-6 and TNF-alpha, are often found in post-BMT NTIS patients and correlated with the changes in the levels of thyroid hormone parameters.

A Case of Oncogenic Osteomalacia Caused by Chondromyxoid Fibroma.: Ki Won Oh, Moo II Kang, Won Young Lee, Tae Kyu Lee, Jae Hyuck Chang, Jung Pil Suh, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Jeong Mi Park, Kyo Young Lee, Seung Koo Rhee, Young Kyun Woo; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1999;14(4):764-770. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Oncogenic osteomalacia is a rare clinicopathological condition. The syndrome is characterized by hypophosphataemic osteomalacia with hyperphosphaturia, low plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and normal plasma calcaemia and parathyroid hormone, associated with a tumor, generally of mesenchymal origin. Complete excision of the tumour results in cure of the whole syndrome. Recently we experienced 56-year-old woman with oncogenic osteomalacia caused by a chondromyxoid fibroma of the left foot. We report this case with the review of literatures.

Changes of Glucose Tolerance in Acromegaly Patients with 24 Hour Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Octreotide.: Ki Hyun Baik, Kun Ho Yoon, Jeong Min Lee, Chang Wook Kim, Paek Sun Kim, Sang Aha Jang, Soon Jib Yoo, Hyun Sik Son, Moo II Kang, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1999;14(4):636-644. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
An important metabolic feature of acromegaly is a reduced action of insulin on hepatic gluconeogenesis and peripheral glucose disposal which mediated by growth hormone hypersecretion. Octreotide, a synthetic octapeptide somatostatin analogue exerts complex effects on hormonal and metabolic regulations affecting glucose homeostasis. This study was designed to ascertain the shorterm effect of octreotide on glucose tolerance in acromegaly. METHODS: 10 patients (five men and five women, age 47.9+/-11.8) were injected subcutaneously with octreotide, 100 micrograms for 24 hours. Patients were assessed with respect to growth hormone, glucose, and insulin response to a standard 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and during the last 2 hour of octreotide infusion. RESULTS: During the therapy, there was significant decrease in mean blood glucose response to OGTT (678.4+/-51.9 vs 581.9+/-47.3 mg/dL/2hr: mean areas under the glucose curve, p=0.01) and mean serum insulin response to oral glucose load was significantly reduced in all patients (339.2+/-106.2 vs 256.7+/-111.3 U/mL/2hr: mean areas under the insulin curve, p=0.01). Using glucose tolerance test criteria three patients of 10 had normal glucose tolerance, four and three had impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes, respectively, at base line. While on octreotide these composition was changed to six patients of NGT, three of IGT and one diabetes. CONCLUSION: We conclude that insulin resistance mediated by GH hypersecretion was improved by shorterm octreotide treatment.

The Short-term Effects of Bone Marrow Transplantation on Bone Metabolism.: Soon Jib Yoo, Yoo Bae Ahn, Kun Ho Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Ki Ho Song, Yoon Hee Choi, Bong Yeon Cha, Hye Soo Kim, Ki Won Oh, Sung Dae Moon, Sang Ah Jang, Chun Choo Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1999;14(2):355-364. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The organ transplantation becomes the management of choice for many patients with chronic and life threatening heart, liver, kidney, bone marrow, and pancreatic diseases. A new set of side effects unique to this groups of patients has become recognized. Bone disease is one of these complications. It is well known that there is an interplay between the cells in the bone marrow and the surrounding bone tissue. Marrow stromal cells include the progenitors of the osteoblastic lineage are the sources of effector molecules that support and regulate both hematopoiesis and bone remodeling. But little is known about the effects of myeloablative treatment followed by bone marrow transplantation(BMT) on bone metabolism. METHODS: We have investigated prospectively in 29 patients undergoing BMT(4 autologous, 25 allogenic) for hematologic diseases(19 leukemia, 9 severe aplastic anemia, 1 myelodyspoietic syndrome). Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, gonadotropins, sex hormones and biochemical markers of bone turnover(osteocalcin and carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen(ICTP)] were measured. The samples were collected before BMT and 1, 2, 3, 4, 12 weeks, 6 months and 1 year thereafter. Bone mineral density was measured with DEXA(Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) before and after 1 year of BMT. RESULTS: 1. ICIP was progressively increased until 4 weeks after BMT when peak values were reached. And then decreased thereafter and basal values were regained after 1 year. Osteocalcin was progressively decreased until 3 weeks after BMT when nadir values were reached. And then increased thereafter and basal values were regained after 3 months. No distinct differences were observed in serum biochemical turnover marker between both sexes and between patients who received total body irradiation and those who did not. 2. Lumbar BMD was 2.1% decreased from 1.113 +/- 0.132 g/cm to 1.089 +/- 0.137 g/cm, and femoral BMD was 6.2% decreased fiom 1.078 +/- 0.156 g/cm to 1.011 +/- 0.157 g/cm. 3. 92% of the women (11/12) became menopausal manifested by high gonadotropin and low estradiol levels immediately after BMT. In contrast to women, gonadotropins and testosterone levels were not changed significantly in men after BMT. CONCLUSION: The rapid impairment of bone formation and also increase in bone resorption, as mirrored by the biochemical markers in this study, might play a role for the post-BMT bone loss. Further studies over many patients with a longer follow up will be needed.

A Case of Traumatic Nonfuctional Adrenal Pseudocyst.: Soon Jib Yoo, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Bong Yeon Cha, Ho Jin Song, Jin No Park, Hyung Joon Kim, Jin Ah Kim, Il Young Park; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1998;13(4):659-664. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: The adrenal glands are rarely injured by blunt trauma, because they are well protected by the ribs, paraspinal muscles, and the overlying abdominal contents. Although most of adrenal cysts are clinically silent, the number of incidentally detected adrenal cysts have increased due to advanced and widespread application of various sensitive imaging methods. Recently, we have encountered a case of a 62-year-old man who have developed a left adrenal pseudoeyst one and a half months after the blunt trauma from a pedestrian traffic accident. The pseudocyst was non-functional and measured about 5 * 4 cm in size with the same fluid density of a gall bladder in abdominal computerized tomography(CT). Turbid cystic fluid was aspirated by CT-guided method, and the aspirate was composed of degenerated old blood cells without any malignant cells. Since the cyst was developed following trauma and its microscopic content showed blood cells, impending rupture was anticipated. Hence, a laparoscopic adrenalectomy was performed.

A Case of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia & Pericardial Effusion Developed in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Patient.: Soon Jib Yoo, Moo Il Kang, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Bong Yeon Cha, Joo Yeon Choi, Kyung Ah Yoh, Ji Won Park, Jong Ryool Jin; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1998;13(4):622-628. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Hashimotos thyroiditis has been associated with a various autoimmune disorders. The immunologic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders have not always been thought to be the same. Although it was demonstrated that there were high prevalence of abnormal thyroid function and autoantibody in autoimmune hemolytic anemia(AIHA) and Fisher-Evans syndrome(FES), AIHA combined with Hashimotos thyroiditis is rare in Korean literature. It was suggested that a common immunologic mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of both disease and the possibility of multiple autoimmune syndrome might present in autoimmune hematologic disorders. We experienced a 74-year old woman with a 12-year history of a hypothyroidism due to Hashimotos thyroiditis was hospitalized with sudden development of warm AIHA with positive Direct & Indirect Coombs test and pericardial effusion. Her thyroid function test showed subclinical hypothyroidism with the maintenance dosage of levothyroxine(100pg/day). With glucocorticoid and plasmapheresis, AIHA and pericardial effusion were corrected successfully. It is suggested that the prudent immunologic study is needed for the anemia developed in patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis with or without hypothyroidism.

A Case of SIADH Related to Drug-indeced Generalized Maculopapular Rash.: Soon Jib Yoo, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Bong Yeon Cha, Ho Jin Song, Joo Yeon Choi, Jin No Park, Dong Huh; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1998;13(2):240-246. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiutetic hormone(SIADH) secretion is the most common cause of hyponatremia in clinical medicine. Before diagnosis of the SIADH is made, other causes for a decreased diluting capacity and nonosmotic stimuli for AVP release need to be rule out. Disorders associated with SIADH can be divided into 4 major etiologic groups: malignancies, pulmonary diseases, central nervous disorders, and drugs. A 45-year-old woman was admitted due to maculopapular skin eruption and fever after taking medications for fever and myalgia. Generalized tonic clonic seizure was developed nine days later, and laboratory results showed marked hyponatremia. During the evaluation, treatment, and subsequent follow-up, the diagnosis of SIADH was confirmed, but the definitive cause was obscure. With fluid restriction, sodium replacement and demeclocycline therapy, she recovered completely 6 months later. We suggest that the SIADH might be related to drug-induced generalized maculopapular rash via menmgitis-like reaction in CSF as one of systemic adverse side effects to drugs rather than direct effect of related drugs.

A Case of Type II Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome: Acute adrenal crisis presented as the first manifestation of Addison's disease in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis and hypgonadism.: Young Sook Lee, Jong Min Lee, Hyun Ok Park, Sung Kyu Park, Sung Ro Yoon, Seok Young Kim, Bong Yeon Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1998;13(1):115-120. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Type II autoimmune polyglandular syndrome typically presents in adulthood. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction are the most frequent manifestations. Addison's disease is the third major endocrine component of this disorder. In this report, we described a thirty-two year-old male patient who had hypogonadism, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and mild Addison's disease presenting its first manifestation as an acute adrenal crisis due to diabetic ketoacidosis. The ACTH concentration will be elevated early in the course of Addisons disease even before a significant reduction in the basal cortisol level or its response to exogenous ACTH occurs. Therefore, plasma ACTH measurements serve as a valuable screening study for Addisons disease.

A Case of Pheochromocytoma with Acute Myocardial Infarction.: Yoo Bae Ahn, Moo Il Kang, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Bong Yeon Cha, Baek Jong Seo, Ki Yook Jang, In Jae Yoon, Sang Jun Lee, Sun Sook Park, Yong Seok Oh; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(4):655-660. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Pheochromocytoma, the catecholamine-producing tumor of chromaffin tissue, is associated with a curable form of hypertension. Recently we report the case of a 59 year-old male admitted for an acute myocardial infarction and who subsequently developed late recurrent severe ventricular arrhythmia coincident with transient hypertensive episodes. A pheochromocytoma was diagnosed on the basis of the urinary concentration of catecholamines and computerized tomography of the adrenal glands. After stabilization of his cardiac rhythm and blood pressure with alpha adrenergic blockade, the left adrenal gland, which contained the tumor, was subsequently resected. The diagnosis of a pheochromocytoma should be considered when recurrent ventricular arrhythmia are associated with intermittent hypertension after acute myocardial infarction.

A Case of Thyroid Abscsess in Subacute Thyroiditis During Glucocorticoid Therapy.: Soon Jib Yoo, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Young Hwan Kim, Mi Ja Kang, Seung Hyeon Ko, Ki Uk Chang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(3):468-472. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Subacute thyroiditis is a frequent benign thyroid disease associated with previous viral upper respiratory tract infection. Known complications of this disease are long-standing subclinical hypothyroidism, persistent anterior neck pain and rarely Graves disease. In general, thyroid abscess is an uncommon disease because of anatomic isolation of the gland and its rich system of drainage for blood and lymph. Especially, development of thyroid abscess in subacute thyroiditis is extremely rare phenomenan, but significant bad outcomes can be resulted. Its clinical BACKGROUND containes immune-suppressed state, anatomic defect, presence of underlying other thyroid disease and of non-thyroidal infectious foci. We experienced a case of subacute thyroiditis complicated with streptococcal thyroid abscess during glucocorticoid therapy. The patient was a 19-year-old female who was admitted due to anterior neck pain for 1 month. Typical subacute thyroiditis was suggested from initial laboratory findings including CBC, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum T3, T4, TSH levels, thyroid scan & thyroid uptake. But during oral prednisolone therapy, unexpected bacterial thyroid abscess was developed. We report this unusual case with review of literatures.

A Case of Central Diabetes Insipidus Developed during Puerperium.: Soon Jib Yoo, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Myung Hee Chung, Bum Soon Choi, Bong Yeon Cha; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(2):315-320. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Diabetic insipidus may first present before, during or immediately after pregnancy. Pregnancy serves as a physiologic provocation test that unmasks latent diabetes insipidus. It may explain the very rare first occurrence of diabetes insipidus in the pureperium. Central diabetes insipidus occurring after delivery associated with a catastrophic delivery and postpartum hypopituitarism is more frequent entity. We recently experienced central diabetes insipidus patient, aggrevated polyuria and polydipsia after total hysterectomy due to cervical carcinoma, who had interesting past history of severe polyuria and polydipsia developed during puerperium of 1st pregnancy, 14 years ago. She have had quiet normal pregnancy and there was no definite postpartum complication of pregnancy at that time. There were no change of polyuria and polydipsia during and after second pregnancy and 2 another pregnancy terminated artificially compare to puerperium of 1st delivery. She has intact anterior pituitary gland functinally and anatomically, but the posterior pituitary hyperintense signal with pre-enhance Tl-weighted imaging was absent on MRI.

A Case of Partial Hypopituitarism and Central Diabetes Insipidus Developed after Tuberculous Meningitis.: Soon Jib Yoo, Kun Ho Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Myung Hee Chung, Yoon Shin, Hyuk Sang Kwon, Seung Won Jin; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(2):308-314. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Complications related to tuberculous menngitis (TBM) is frequently encountered in medical field during, just after treatment and long time later. Hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunctions such as diabetes incipidus, dwarfism, hypogonadism, growth failure, and hypopituitarism are one of rare complication secondary to TBM and of which obesity with hypogonadism is most commonly documented. Several pathologic mechanics like a granuloma in hypothalamus, or pituitary stalk, organization and progressive scarring of the purulent exudate in the basal cistern or progressive obliterative endarteritis that supplying the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system is well-defined in hypothalamopituitary dysfunction in neurotuberculosis. We recently experienced a diabetic patient with short stature and sexual infantilism who shows polyuria and polydipsia. Detailed endocrinological evaluation showed partial hypopituitarism and central diabetes incipidus secondary to tuberculous meningitis. Polyuria and polydipsia was improved with dDAVP and height increased 5 cm for 11 month with HGH, libido increased with oxadrolone but his extemal sexual characteristics was not changed until now. We present this case with a review of literature.

A Case of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1.: Soon Jib Yoo, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Jong Man Won, Young Seok Cho, Yong Jik Sung, Kyung Sub Song, Jin Young Yoo, Chul Woo Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(1):111-119. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is the association of neoplastic transformation of parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreatic islet cells. This syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. A 38-year-old woman presented with general weakness and mental changes. She had experienced same symptoms 7 years ago, after then her weight gradually increased. Insulinoma was suspected by markedly decreased blood glucose level (20mg/dL) and the increased insulin/glucose ratio (0.43) that sampled in emergency room at the time of mental change. Unusually large pancreatic tail mass and Lt, adrenal gland mass were detected by abdominal CT. Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein catheterization with insulin sampling showed sudden step up of insulin/glucose ratio at the middle portion of pancreas. Measuring of basal pituitary hormones as a screening procedure of MEN showed increased basal prolactin level. Combined pituitary stimulation test showed blunted response of prolactin to TRH and sellar magnetic resonance imaging showed intrasellar mass. Thyroid nodule was palpated on her anterior neck. Thyroid scintigram showed cold nodule, and there was no lymphadenopathy around the nodule by the thyroid sonogram. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed benign hyperplastic follicular cells only. Serum ionized calcium and parathyroid hormone level were normal. Under the impression of MEN type I, the distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, Lt. thyroid lobectomy and Lt. adrenalectomy was performed at the same time. Histologic examination of the surgically removed tissues revealed pancreas islet cell tumor, adrenal cortical adenoma and thyroid adenoma. Transient hyperglycemia was developed after surgical intervention, but thereafter she never felt any symptoms of hypoglycemia till now and her blood glucose showed completely normal level with oral glucose tolerance tests. We present this case with a review of literature.

A Case of Cushing's syndrome due to Primary Pimary Pigmented Nodular Adrenal Dysplasia ( PPNAD ): A Case of Carney's Complex.: Soon Jib Yoo, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Youn Sik Kim, Jong Min Lee, Jong Man Won; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(1):90-98. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenal Dysplasia (PPNAD) is a rare cause of Cushing's syndrome in infants and young adults. The familial occurrence, it may be variably associated with a complex of other pathologic characteristics that manifests extraadrenal disorders (includes cardiac myxomas, lentigines, mammary myxoid lesions, testicular tumors, pituitary adenomas, and neuroectodermal tumors) was considered indicative of Carneys complex. This was based on the failure of cortisol suppression by high-dose dexamethasone, either normal or suppressed basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels, and normal radiographic studies of the sellar turcica, and adrenals glands is almost normal or slightlg eulaged.. Bilateral adrenalectomy has thus the only effective means of cure. The disease may be a component of a rare, but potentially dangerous complex of abnormalities that follow an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance. Recently we experienced a case of Carney's complex composed by Cushings syndrome due to PPNAD with familial purple colored lentigines on their lips and report it with reviews of the literatures.

Subclinical Hypothyroidism.: Kwang Woo Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(1):8-10. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A Case of Mediastinal parathyroid adenoma localized by technetium-99m sestamibi scanning.: Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Ki Ho Song, Sung Hee Lee, Won Hee Han, Hyung Sun Sohn; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1996;11(2):227-232. Published online November 7, 2019

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Abstract PDF: We present a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism in whom preoperative Tc-99m sestarnibi scanning cleary demonstrated mediastinal parathyroid adenoma. After resectian of tumor through median sternotomy, he was restored to the normocalcemia. This case suggests that Tc-99m sestamibi scanning may be a useful method in the preoperative localization of mediastinal parathyroid adenoma.

A Case of Pituitary Feedback Adenoma Caused by Primary Hypothyroidism.: Soon Jib Yoo, Sang A Chang, Yoo Bae Ahn, Hyun Sik Son, Kun Ho Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Myung Hee Chung; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1996;11(2):199-206. Published online November 7, 2019

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Abstract PDF: A 14-year-old girl presented with severe headache and grand mal seizure. A magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of brain showed a pituitary mass(1.0X1.5X1.3cm) incidentally during seizure evaluation. On physical examination, nodular goiter was detected on her anterior neck. The hormone study showed markdly increased basal thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) level compared to thyroid hormone level, hyperprolactinemia and decreased basal growth hormone level. TSH and prolactin showed exaggerated response to thyrotropin releasing hormone(TRH) and the growth hormone showed delayed and blunted response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. With the results of thyroid autoantibody and thyroid scan, the diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was possible. Thyroid hormone and anticonvulsant drug were started with close observation of clinical status under the impression of pituitary feedback adenoma caused by hypothyroidism. After 3 months replacement therapy of levothyroxine sodium, she achieved euthyroid state with disappearance of headache and nodular goiter. After continuous replacement therapy for 9 months more, the pituitary mass was successfully regressed on follow up MRI with normalization of basal prolactin level. Grand mal seizure was developed after withholding anticonvulsant drug even though continuous admmistration of thyroid hormone. Because of similarity among pituitary adenoma discovered incidentally, careful hormonal study and high index of suspicion should be maintained to achieve correct diagnosis in order to avoid unnecessary pituitary surgery in these patients.

Two Cases of Cryptococcosis in Patients with Cushing's Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus.: Jong Kyu Lee, Hee Kyung Chun, Je Ho Han, Hyun Sik Son, Kun Ho Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Ku Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1995;10(1):58-64. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Although cryptococcosis complicated with steroid therapy is well described, cryptococcosis has been rarely reported in the presence of Cushing's syndrome characterized by endogenous steroid excess. We experienced two cases of cryptococcosis in patients with Cushing's syndrome and diabetes mellitus. We describe a case of cryptococcal meningitis complicatiog Cushing's syndrome, secondary to pituitary adenoma. And another case of cryptococcal pneumonia complicatiog Cushing's syndrome, secondary to bilateral nodular adrenal hyperplasia. Before Cryptococcosis, two patients were suffered from diabetes mellitus, and they have got both adrenalectomy.

A Case of Pheochromocytoma Diagnosed as Preeclampsia during Prenancy.: Bong Yun Cha, Ho Young Son, Soon Jip Yoo, Ki Hyun Baik, Myung Hoon Kim, Moo Il Kang, E Jin Choi, Kwang Woo Lee, Sung Koo Kang, Uk Kim, Jong Man Won, Jin Young Yoo; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;10(3):295-299. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: A case of a pregnant woman with an undiagnosed pheochromocytoma is presented. Gestational hypertension was developed at 33 weeks' gestation. Also she experienced intermittent chest discomfort, headache and irritability during those period. Normal vaginal delivery was successfully performed with close observation. Even though experiencing same symptoms for two years after delivery, she had been treated as neurosis. Uncatched pheochromocytoma was detected and the tumor was resected successfully. It seems to be that many cases of pheochromocytoma with pregnancy still go unrecognized because of close similarity between pheochromocytoma and toxemia. High index of suspicion should be maintained to achieve early diagnosis because antenatal diagnosis can lower the mortality in both mother and fetus.

An Acromegalci Patient with Marked Tumor Shrinkoge after Continuous Infusion of Octreotide.: Je Ho Han, Hyun Sik Son, Kun Ho Yoon, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Ku Kang, Yoo Bae Ahn, Sang A Jang, Ki Ho Song, Soon Jip Yoo, Jong Min Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;10(2):161-164. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A Case of Thyroid Hemiagenesis with Papillary Adenocarcinoma.: Je Ho Han, Bong Yun Cha, Ho Young Son, Yoo Bae Ahn, Kwang Woo Lee, Sung Koo Kang, Se Jeong Oh, Jong Soon Na, Sang Ah Jang, Moo Il Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;9(4):385-389. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Variation in the gross anatomy of the thyroid is relatively common. Although thyroid hemiagenesis is considered to be a rare congenital anomaly, its incidence is probably underestimated because the diagnosis is usually incidental.We present the case of a 26-year-old woman with right thyroid hemiagenesis associated with papillary adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis of hemiagenesis was established by isotope imaging, which showed hot nodule, thyroid ultrasonography and surgical exploration for proper management of a nodule in the left lobe of thyroid gland. As she was diagnosed to have papillary adenocarcinoma, total thyroidectomy was performed and at present she remains disease-free.

Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor mRNA by In Situ Hybridization in Normal and Abnormal Thyroid Tissue.: Hyun Sik Son, Kun Ho Yoon, Bong Yun Cha, Jong Min Lee, Kwang Woo Lee, Moo Il Kang, Ho Young Son, Sung Koo Kang, Se Jeong Oh, Jin Han Kang, An Hee Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;9(4):337-343. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Growth factors are polypeptide molecules that regulate cell growth and function by binding with high affinity to specific receptor molecules in the plasma membrane and stimulating receptor mediated action of intracellular signal transduction pathway.Epidermal growth factor(EGF) and their receptors(EGFR) regulate normal cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation of various cells in vivo and in tissue cultures. And also may contribute directly to oncogenesis.Overexpression of EGFR and autocrine stimulation of growth involving this receptor system has been identified in several types of human neoplasia. There is evidence that the EGF and receptor system is involved in the regulation of follicular cell growth in the thyroid gland especially with immunohistochemical technic. But there was a challenge about the validity of previously performed immunohistochemical studies.In the study we investigated the relationship between EGFR mRNA expression and tumorigenesis by rapid in situ hybridization method. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections of 10 normal, 17 nodular hyperplasia, 6 follicular adenoma, and 15 papillary cancer were examined. The results were as follows:1) EGFR mRNA positivity were 20%(2/10) in normal thyroid, 70%(12/17) in nodular hyperplasia, and 100% in follicular adenoma and papillary cancer.2) There was a significantly increased EGFR mRNA expression in papillary cancer compare to normal and nodular hyperplasia(p<0.05). But no difference was found with papillary cancer and follicular adenoma.3) There was a significantly increased EGFR mRNA expression in follicular adenoma compare to normal (p<0.05). But no difference was found with follicular adenoma and nodular hyperplasia. These results suggest that an overexpression of EGFR mRNA may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of thyroid tissue.

A Case of Primary Hyperparathyroidism Associated with Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Postoperative Hungry Bone Syndrome.: Je Ho Han, Kun Ho Yoon, Bong Yun Cha, Ho Young Son, Kwang Woo Lee, Hae Ok Jung, Chang Sup Kim, Moo Il Kang, Chul Soo Cho, Ho Yun Kim, Sung Koo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;9(2):141-149. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Primary hyperparathyroidism is a generalezed disorder of calcium, phosphorus and bone metabolism due to an increased secretion of parathyroid hormone. Single parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Because parathyroid hormone has been proposed as an important inhibitor of renal bicarbonate reabsorption of proximal tubule, proximal renal tubular acidosis is not rare in primary hyperparaphyroidism. After parathyroid resection, significant hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia requiring prolonged medical management may develop, termed hungery bone syndrome. We experienced a case of primary hyperparathyroidism associated with proximal renal tubular acidosis, and severe hungry bone syndrome after resection of the adenoma of parathyroid gland.

Hypopituitarism.: Kwang Woo Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1993;8(4):387-389. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Hypoglycemia.: Kwang Woo Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1993;8(3):231-240. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Effect of cilostazol on diabetic peripheral vascular disease.: Kun Ho Yoon, Je Ho Han, Hyuk Ho Kwon, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Ku Kang, Yong Seong Kim, Hyun Sang Oh, Soon Hyun Shinn; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1993;8(1):78-87. Published online January 1, 2001

987 View
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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

diabetes insipidus during pregnancy.: Soon Jib Yoo, Je Young Woo, Hyun Shik Son, Bong Yeon Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Kwan Soo Hong, Bong Yeon Cha, Ho Young Son, Kwang Woo Lee, Sung Ku Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1992;7(4):384-390. Published online January 1, 2001

1,119 View
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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Short-term follow-up of 10 mCi fixed-dose to calculated-dose 131I therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism.: Kwang Woo Lee, Hyun Shik Son, Chae Ho Han, Soon Jip Yoo, Kun Ho Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Kwan Soo Hong, Bong Yun Cha, Ho Young Son, Sung Ku Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1992;7(4):358-363. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Analysis of HLA-DQA1 genotype in Korea autoimmune thyroid disease and IDDM patients.: Moo Il Kang, Je Ho Han, Soon Jip Yoo, Jong Min Lee, Hyun Sik Son, Kun He Yoon, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Ku Kang, Choon Choo Kim, Dong Jip Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1992;7(4):320-330. Published online January 1, 2001

878 View
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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17alpha-hydroxylase deficiency.: Hyun Shik Son, Yong Seog Oh, Soon Jip Yoo, Kun Ho Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Kwan Soo Hong, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Ku Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1992;7(2):153-159. Published online January 1, 2001

989 View
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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A case of macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia.: Hee Je Kim, Si Hyun Bae, Moo Il Kang, Man Young Lee, Seung Suk Chun, Kyu Yong Choi, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Ku Kang, Sang Bok Cha; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1991;6(4):353-361. Published online January 1, 2001

1,091 View
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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

The effect of octreotide(sandostatin@) in a acromegalic and diabetic patient with severe insulin resistance.: Kwang Woo Lee, Moon Young Choi, Soon Jib Yoo, Hyun Shik Son, Kun Ho Yoon, Moo Il Kang, Kwan Soo Hong, Ho Young Son, Sung Ku Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1991;6(4):326-331. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3.: Kun Ho Yoon, Soon Jip Yoo, Hyun Sik Son, Moo Il Kang, Kwan Soo Hong, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Ku Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1991;6(3):282-286. Published online January 1, 2001

1,099 View
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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia and type II.: Moo Il Kang, Young Bu Park, Young Gil Lee, Sun Jip Yoo, Hyun Shik Son, Kun Ho Yoon, Kwan Su Hong, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Ku Kang, Beum Sageng Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1991;6(2):170-178. Published online January 1, 2001

973 View
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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

POEMS syndrome.: Moo Il Kang, Kun Ho Yoon, Kwan Su Hong, Bong Yun Cha, Kwang Woo Lee, Ho Young Son, Sung Ku Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1991;6(1):95-96. Published online January 1, 2001

874 View
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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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